Space Junk Danger

Earth doesnt orbit the Sun alone. Of course, there are the other planets, moons, asteroids, and comets. But, in near-Earth space, our planet is accompanied by a LOT of space junk left over from launched vehicles. Does it pose a danger? In some cases, it does. In the movie Gravity, a group of astronauts finds out first-hand what it might be like for space  explorers to run into an orbiting bit of space debris. The results are not good, although at least one  astronaut makes it through safely. When it came out, the movie has generated a lot of discussion among space experts  about its accuracy in some places, but the general story highlights a growing problem that we dont often think about here on Earth (and probably should): space junk returning home.   What Goes Up often Comes Down Theres a cloud of space debris around Earth that planners have to deal with as they set schedules for rocket launches and low-Earth missions. Most of the material out there eventually comes back to Earth, such as the object WTF1190F. It was a piece of hardware likely dating back to the Apollo mission days. Its return to Earth on November 13, 2015, told scientists a lot about what happens as material plunges through our atmosphere (and burns up on the way down). Of course, spent satellites are often de-orbited, too, with similar results. The idea is that only little pieces make it back to the planet, and the bigger stuff is destroyed. Knowing about space junk and where it is at any given moment is particularly important for people in the space launch business. This is because there are nearly  20,000 pieces of space debris up there. Most of it  ranges from such small objects as gloves and cameras to  pieces of rockets and artificial  satellites. Theres enough stuff up there to pose a real danger to observatories such as the  Hubble Space Telescope,  weather and communications satellites and the International Space Station. It also poses some risk to those of us on Earth. The good news is, the chances of something hitting us on land are fairly small. Its far more likely that a piece of space debris will fall into the oceans, or at least into an unhabitated part of a continent.   To keep launch vehicles and orbiting satellites from running into these bits of space junk, organizations  such as the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) observes and maintains a list of known objects orbiting Earth. Before every launch (and as satellites orbit the globe), the positions of all known debris must  be known so that the launches and orbits can proceed without risk. The other good news is that most space debris burns up before it hits the planet. The Atmosphere Can be a Drag (and Thats Good!) Pieces of junk in orbit can and do get caught up in our planets atmosphere, just as meteoroids do. That slows them  down, in a process called atmospheric drag. If were lucky, and a piece of orbital debris is small  enough, it will likely vaporize as it falls to Earth under the tug of our planets gravity. (This is exactly what happens to meteoroids when they encounter our atmosphere and the resulting flare of light we see as they vaporize is called a meteor. Earth regularly encounters streams of meteoroids, and when it does, we often see meteor showers.)  Ã‚  But, larger  pieces of space junk  can pose a threat to folks on Earth as well as get in the way or orbiting stations and  satellites.   Earths atmosphere is not the same size all the time. At some times it stretches out much farther from the surface due to solar activity. So, scientists monitor the density of the atmosphere changes over time in the low-Earth orbit (LEO) zone. Thats an area several hundred miles above the surface of our planet where most orbiting materials (including satellites and the International Space Station) exist.   The Sun Plays a Role in Space Junk Re-entry In addition to heating by the Sun (which helps swell our atmosphere), heat waves propagating from lower in the atmosphere can also have an effect. There are other events that affect our atmosphere and could have the effect of catapulting larger objects toward Earths surface. Occasional solar storms cause the upper atmosphere to expand. These erratic solar storms (caused by coronal mass ejections)   can zip from the Sun toward Earth in less than two days, and they produce rapid changes in air density.   Again, most space junk falling to Earth can and does vaporize on the way down. But, larger pieces can land and pose the potential for damage. Imagine being in the neighborhood if a large piece of a defunct satellite fell on your house! Or, imagine what would happen if a large solar storm resulted in enough atmospheric drag to pull a working satellite (or a  space station) into a lower and more potentially dangerous orbit? It would not be good news for anybody in the path. Predicting Re-Entry The U.S. Air Force (which is involved with NORAD), and the U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), the University of Colorado at Boulder, and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Space Weather Prediction Center work together to forecast space weather events and the effects they have on our atmosphere. Understanding those events will help us all in the long run by understanding the same effects on the orbits of space junk. Ultimately, the junk trackers will be able to forecast more accurate orbits and trajectories of space debris in near-Earth space.   Fast Facts about Space Junk Space junk is made up of objects left over from space flights, such as cameras, rocket pieces, and other small pieces of debris.Occasionally space junk takes the form of a satellite directed to re-enter Earths atmosphere. Its usually directed to impact Earth in the oceans or in uninhabited areas.Agencies monitor thousands of pieces of space junk, charting the orbits of these objects.  Much space junk vaporizes due to friction with Earths atmosphere and never reaches the surface.

William Woolf s The Lighthouse - 1480 Words

Woolf’s ‘To the Lighthouse’ is written in a Modernist style, is very philosophical, does not have a traditional casual plot, and focuses on the exploration of the mind. Woolf uses experimental techniques, such as writing as a stream-of-consciousness in order to present the experience, subconscious minds, and the conscious thoughts of characters. The sense of a clear authorial narrator is missing as Woolf describes the minds of her characters in poetic images and her free-flowing style allows Woolf to flit between different characters’ minds and examine experience through various shifting perspectives. The use of this form allows her to focus on particular moments within the novel, and the plot is created by following the train of thoughts†¦show more content†¦As Julian Hanna wrote, ‘The inward turn or exploration of the psyche often said to characterize modernist literature is difficult to imagine without Freud’. Woolf seems uninterest ed in the external influences that occur during the period of the novel, and passes over significant events such as World War One, and the marriage and deaths of her characters, effectively capturing these within 10 concise chapters. The novel does not progress on a what-happens-next basis, but progresses by following the continual activity of characters’ consciousness and impressions, moving forward by a series of scenes arranged according to a sequence of several particular moments of consciousness. Writing in this style allows Woolf to convey her characters using very little physical description, so we are left to interpret them through the thoughts and opinions of other characters. Therefore it is hard for the reader to interpret because it is unclear whose perspective the opinion is from, and we do not know if they are reliable. Woolf filters all of the different characters thoughts together, and translates their emotions by writing poetically in a stream of consciousness. This allows Woolf to distort time by focusing on individual moments and skimming over others, therefore stretching out certain periods of time and condensing

Hlten515B Implement and Monitor Care for Older Clients Dementia Free Essays

HLTEN515B implement and monitor care for older clients Written assignment 1 There are many different forms of dementia and each has its own cause. Some of the main type of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease, which is the most common form of dementia affecting 50%-70% of dementia patients (Alzheimer’s australia, 2005). This is a degenerative illness which attacks the brain, this is achieved buy tangles which are in the middle of shrunken brain cells and plaques which eventually cause the brain cells to die meaning information can no longer be recalled or assimilated. We will write a custom essay sample on Hlten515B Implement and Monitor Care for Older Clients: Dementia or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are also other types of dementia which include vascular dementia which is caused by circulation of the blood to the brain, Parkinson’s disease which is a disorder of the nervous system, Lewy-bodies dementia which is caused by the degeneration and death of the nerve cells in the brain and Huntington disease which is an inherited brain disease effecting body and mind. There are many support services out there to aid in dementia, although many people may be unaware of these services. There is also a significant impact on family and others. The early signs of dementia are subtle and vague and may not be obvious. These may include progressive and frequent memory loss, confusion, personality change, apathy and withdrawal, loss of ability to perform ADL’s, not being able to learn new information or follow direction and irrational behaviours (Dementia – diagnosis and early signs). Sometimes people do not recognise symptoms of dementia. They often assume that these indicators or behaviours are a normal part of the ageing process. There are many associated health problems when dealing with patients with dementia these may include constipation, changes in vision, changes in hearing, Infection due to a person’s health which can deteriorate very quickly due to a chest or urinary tract infection (UTI), dental problems, foot problems that are commonly associated with diabetes, elderly people with diabetes don’t always take all measures when dealing with adls, pain and poor nutrition. The uses of communication strategies are extremely important when dealing with a patient with dementia. These strategies may help with relieving distress, agitation and challenging behaviours. Strategies when dealing with dementia patients may include, â€Å"introduce yourself at each encounter, use touch as appropriate, try to determine the cause of the behaviour and then try to reduce or eliminate it. These behaviours may be caused by boredom, which you would try and use activities as a distraction, Pain which we3 will try non-pharmacological treatment first e. g. : heat packs, Anxiety where we will use reassurance and diversion. Often using a soft approach such as smiling, pleasant voice tones while talking calmly in short sentences will help defuse a situation. There are many community services out there to aid dementia patients these may include community nursing, meals on wheels, homecare, home modification, Alzheimer’s Australia, commonwealth centerlink centres, carers association, counselling, ACAT and respite care. Dementia has a huge impact on not only the lives of them self’s but also the family and carer. Watching the person you love degenerate from a fully functioning person to some one that needs to be fully cared for. As a carer, you are likely to experience a range of different feelings. This is particularly difficult because as dementia gradually causes the person’s abilities and personality to change the nature of relationships will also change (better health). The carer and family may have feelings of guilt, as is quite common to feel guilty. Another main feeling a carer or family member may have is anger, which is natural to feel frustrated and angry. You may be angry at having to be the caregiver, angry with others who do not seem to be helping out, angry at the person with dementia for difficult behavior, and angry at support services. Bibliography 8 Health Problems Associated with Dementia. (n. d. ). Retrieved from aged carer : http://www. agedcarer. com. au/topic/aged-care-health-issues/8-health-problems-associated-with-dementia Alzheimer’s australia. (2005). what is dementia. How to cite Hlten515B Implement and Monitor Care for Older Clients: Dementia, Papers

Renaissance Education Essay Example For Students

Renaissance Education Essay The Renaissance was a time of change. It began in Italy during the 14th century, and spread throughout the North. People all over Europe were affected, for the better and for the worse. Some people finally had a chance to control their own fate. Others, like upper class women, lost their social status. The values and purposes of Renaissance education were to improve the society, increase the economy, and restore the religious beliefs. The social lives of people were greatly influenced by advancements in education during the Renaissance. More people then ever before were sent to schools and educated. Schools for girls were built, and they were taught sewing, reading, writing, and dancing. Some of these schools even had teachers for singing and playing instruments. Upper class women were taught language, philosophy, theology and mathematics. But their education only prepared them for social life at home. Women lost political power, access to property and their role in shaping society. People were taught to understand and judge the writings of others. Courtiers, aristocrats and nobles were able to write poetry and text. By being well educated, having good penmanship, knowing how to ride, play, dance, sing, and dress well, men of high status gained respect and reputation. These skills also helped attain preference and support among princes. Nevertheless, the school system did not teach youth how to behave in daily life situations. They spent too much time on Grammar, Rhetoric, and Logic. Those studies that were realistic, enlightened mens minds, and prepared them for life, were reserved for the Universities. Therefore, students had a slight understanding of the meaning and the true use of knowledge. They were only able to write Latin, which no one of judgement would want to read, and when they went to universities, they wasted their friends money and their own time. Afterwards, they would return home again, as unsophisticated and uneducated as they were before. In addition, many individuals thought that having to many schools was a terrible thing. They believed that only a minority of men should study literature, because more farmers were needed than judges, more soldiers than priests, more merchants than philosophers, and more hard working groups than dreamy and thoughtful individuals. Italian humanist Piccolomini, who himself was educated, believed that philosophy and literature, should be taught to every individual, because these studies reveal the truths about the past, the reality of the present, and the prediction of the future. In his book, On the Education of Free Men, written in 1450, he wrote, where there is no literature, there is ignorance! Erasmus, a northern humanist, believed that all the knowledge within human reach lies in the literatures of ancient Greece and Rome. Renaissance education helped increase the economy of different cities in Europe, in which the Renaissance took place. Art, a very important form of self-expression, became very popular during the Renaissance. Wealthy patrons, which were usually educated, supported artists and paid them huge salaries to do works of art. Advances in education, allowed Italians to improve their shipbuilding techniques, thus increasing trade and allowing their ships to sail all year long. Venice traded overseas, while Genoa traded with the Middle East and Northern Europe. Knowledge of languages, penmanship, dancing, singing, and dressing well aided men of high status to great profit and honor. Florence was full of wealthy and educated merchants and bankers, who began to dominate Europes banking. As a result the economy began to grow. With a stronger and larger economy, more schools were built. With more school systems available, more children were able to receive an education, and thus more students were able to attend universities, and later on take part in this growing economy. Renaissance education helped restore religious beliefs. .u22186648812307f690ab9db31fe5da1b , .u22186648812307f690ab9db31fe5da1b .postImageUrl , .u22186648812307f690ab9db31fe5da1b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u22186648812307f690ab9db31fe5da1b , .u22186648812307f690ab9db31fe5da1b:hover , .u22186648812307f690ab9db31fe5da1b:visited , .u22186648812307f690ab9db31fe5da1b:active { border:0!important; } .u22186648812307f690ab9db31fe5da1b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u22186648812307f690ab9db31fe5da1b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u22186648812307f690ab9db31fe5da1b:active , .u22186648812307f690ab9db31fe5da1b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u22186648812307f690ab9db31fe5da1b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u22186648812307f690ab9db31fe5da1b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u22186648812307f690ab9db31fe5da1b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u22186648812307f690ab9db31fe5da1b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u22186648812307f690ab9db31fe5da1b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u22186648812307f690ab9db31fe5da1b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u22186648812307f690ab9db31fe5da1b .u22186648812307f690ab9db31fe5da1b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u22186648812307f690ab9db31fe5da1b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Marathon Runner EssayAt least twice a year, every priest was to give a warning to the people attending worship that they best send their children to school. Not only for learning the liberal arts, but also about discipline, virtue, and God. If this was not done, then permanent damage might have resulted to the child. As children grow up without fear and knowledge of God, they learn nothing about what is needed to achieve salvation and nothing about discipline. As a consequence, they learn nothing about what is helpful to them in life. Some men believe that learning is nourishment of the sinful nature of women. When women are taught to read the classics, these books teach them good manners. When they are taught to write, their writings should be serious sentences, which are wise and virtuous, and taken out of Holy Scripture, or are the sayings of philosophers, instead of unimportant songs. The Renaissance was a time of change that began long ago, and has never ended since. It was a rebirth of humanistic culture and an enhancement in education. Even today, Renaissances are occurring everywhere: all over the world, in our families, and within ourselves.